Fig. 5

Cluster enrichment analysis (PJ016). a Output of boxplot_cluster() function for a quantitative feature—CancerSEA functional states—in cluster 0: distribution of gene set scores values (red) and corresponfing null models (gray, suffix “_ref”) (top); Normalized Enrichment Score (z-score) and FDR q-value (bottom). b Output of barplot_cluster() function for a categorical feature—cell cycle phase—in cluster 0: expected (“exp”) and observed (“obs”) occurrences of every possible category (top); enrichment ratio (ER) and hypergeometric p-value (bottom). c Heatmap of NES values for CancerSEA functional states in expression clusters; asterisks indicate FDR q-value < 0.01. d UMAP visualization where clusters are labelled with the top three most significant CancerSEA functional states