Table 2 AUC performance of unsupervised anomaly detection on T1c scans using average \(\ell _2\) loss (among whole slice sets/continuous 10 slice sets exhibiting the highest loss) per scan. No abnormal findings are compared against: (i) brain metastases + various diseases; (ii) brain metastases; (iii) various diseases. Each model is trained for 1.8M steps

MADGAN

0.765

0.888

0.618

MADGAN (10 slice sets)

0.769

0.905

0.607

MADGAN w/o \(\ell _1\) Loss

0.688

0.773

0.586

MADGAN w/o \(\ell _1\) Loss (10 slice sets)

0.696

0.778

0.597

3-SA MADGAN

0.756

0.859

0.633

3-SA MADGAN (10 slice sets)

0.760

0.871

0.626

3-SA MADGAN w/o \(\ell _1\) Loss

0.677

0.749

0.589

3-SA MADGAN w/o \(\ell _1\) Loss (10 slice sets)

0.708

0.780

0.622

7-SA MADGAN

0.781

0.921

0.613

7-SA MADGAN (10 slice sets)

0.776

0.917

0.608

7-SA MADGAN w/o \(\ell _1\) Loss

0.233

0.063

0.436

7-SA MADGAN w/o \(\ell _1\) Loss (10 slice sets)

0.234

0.091

0.405