Fig. 1From: Multiple imputation and direct estimation for qPCR data with non-detectsComparison of methods to handle missing data based on 100 simulated data sets. The left and the right panels show the bias of \({\hat{\theta }}\) and the standard error of \({\hat{\theta }}\) respectively, calculated with mean imputation (Mean), single imputation (SI), direct estimation (DirEst), and multiple imputation (MI)Back to article page