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Table 8 Case Study: Bold text: ground-truth entity; Underlined text: model prediction

From: Multitask learning for biomedical named entity recognition with cross-sharing structure

Main dataset: Ex-PTM Auxiliary dataset: BioNLP09

Case 1

STM

The myristoylation of Nef and its membrane localization were essential for these effects.

 

CS-MTM

The myristoylation of Nef and its membrane localization were essential for these effects.

 

Auxiliary data

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein inhibits NF-kappa B induction in human T cells.

Description

The training data of auxiliary dataset directly provides entity information about Nef protein.

Main dataset: Ex-PTM Auxiliary dataset: BioNLP09

Case 2

STM

Vitamin K deficiency is a relatively common condition in neonates.

 

CS-MTM

Vitamin K deficiency is a relatively common condition in neonates.

 

Auxiliary data

Ascorbic acid (ascorbate or vitamin C) has been shown to suppress the induction of HIV in...

  

In conclusion, we demonstrate that the vitamin E derivative TCP succinate prevents monocytic...

Description

The training data of auxiliary dataset indirectly provides information that Vitamin is not protein.

Main dataset: Linnaeus Auxiliary dataset: BC5CDR

Case 3

STM

He slept well at night, ate more than his mother thought was good for him, and was able to...

 

CS-MTM

He slept well at night, ate more than his mother thought was good for him, and was able to...

 

Auxiliary data

During the night clomipramine ingestion altered the complete sleep architecture in that it suppressed REM sleep and the sleep cycles and induced increased wakefulness.

Description

The training data of auxiliary dataset directly provides information that sleep don’t belong to species.