Table 2 Average LRMSE values, ranking (in parenthesis), and regression slope ($\widehat{\beta }$) in equation (5), for the eight methods under investigation (from Simulation II). An asterisk indicates a p-value less than 0.001.

LSA

0.487 (1)

0.323 (1)

0.253 (1)

0.348 (2)

0.311 (1)

0.414 (1)

0.492 (1)

0.147 (3)

0.150 (3)

0.325

-0.292*

LLS

0.550 (4)

0.339 (2)

0.254 (2)

0.355 (1)

0.316 (2)

0.421 (2)

0.584 (4)

0.122 (1)

0.117 (1)

0.332

-0.125*

BPCA

0.524 (6)

0.338 (3)

0.254 (3)

0.346 (3)

0.315 (3)

0.420 (3)

0.555 (5)

0.120 (2)

0.115 (2)

0.340

0.007

PLS

0.538 (7)

0.397 (4)

0.316 (4)

0.439 (4)

0.418 (4)

0.473 (4)

0.591 (6)

0.208 (7)

0.220 (6)

0.373

0.330*

KNN.c

0.509 (3)

0.354 (5)

0.280 (5)

0.402 (5)

0.398 (5)

0.439 (5)

0.535 (3)

0.225 (5)

0.267 (5)

0.379

-0.082*

OLS

0.558 (2)

0.343 (6)

0.259 (6)

0.357 (6)

0.322 (6)

0.425 (6)

0.590 (2)

0.232 (6)

0.268 (7)

0.382

-0.149*

KNN.e

0.503 (5)

0.356 (8)

0.286 (8)

0.408 (8)

0.406 (7)

0.448 (8)

0.527 (7)

0.229 (4)

0.273 (4)

0.400

-0.237*

SVD

0.622 (8)

0.385 (7)

0.301 (7)

0.415 (7)

0.446 (8)

0.465 (7)

0.661 (8)

0.279 (8)

0.316 (8)

0.432

0.547*